Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o nā kūlana no nā noho huila uila ma nā mākeke aupuni like ʻole?

Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o nā kūlana no nā noho huila uila ma nā mākeke aupuni like ʻole?
Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokele waiwai kōkua nui,nā noho huila uilahoʻohana nui ʻia a puni ka honua. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻokumu nā ʻāina like ʻole i nā kūlana like ʻole no nā noho huila uila e pili ana i kā lākou pono mākeke, pae ʻenehana a me nā koi hoʻoponopono. Eia nā ʻokoʻa o nā kūlana noho huila uila ma kekahi mau ʻāina nui.

Makeke ʻAmelika ʻĀkau (United States, Canada)
Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻoi aku hoʻi ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻokumu nui ʻia nā kūlana palekana no nā noho huila uila e ka American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) a me ka American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Aia kēia mau maʻamau i nā koi no ka palekana uila, ka pono o ke kūkulu ʻana, ka hana mana a me nā ʻōnaehana braking o nā noho huila uila. Ke nānā nui nei ka mākeke US i ka hoʻolālā ʻole o nā kaʻa huila uila a me ka maʻalahi o ka hana o ka mea hoʻohana.

Makeke Europa
ʻO nā kūlana o ka noho huila uila ʻEulopa e hahai nui i nā kuhikuhi a me nā kūlana o ka EU, e like me EN 12183 a me EN 12184. Hōʻike kēia mau maʻamau i ka hoʻolālā, hoʻāʻo a me nā ʻano loiloi o nā noho huila uila, me nā noho huila lima a me nā noho huila lima me nā mea kōkua uila, a me nā noho huila uila me ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o 15 km / h. Loaʻa i ka mākeke ʻEulopa kekahi mau koi no ka hana kaiapuni a me ka ikaika o ka ikehu o nā noho huila uila.

Mākeke o Asia Pākīpika (Kina, Iapana, Kōlea Hema)
Ma ka ʻāina ʻo Asia Pākīpika, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Kina, ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā kūlana no nā noho huila uila e ka maʻamau "Electric Wheelchair Vehicle" GB / T 12996-2012, e uhi ana i nā huaʻōlelo, nā kumu inoa hoʻohālike, nā koi o ka honua, nā koi hui, nā koi nui. , nā koi hana, nā koi ikaika, ka ho'ēmi ahi, a me nā mea'ē aʻe o nā noho huila uila. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kina i ka palena wikiwiki loa no nā noho huila uila, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 4.5km/h no nā hiʻohiʻona o loko a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 6km/h no nā hiʻohiʻona waho.

Hikina Waena a me ka Makeke o Aferika
ʻO nā kūlana no nā noho huila uila ma ka Hikina Hikina a me ʻApelika i hoʻopuehu ʻia. Hiki paha i kekahi mau ʻāina ke kuhikuhi i nā kūlana ʻEulopa a ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, akā ua hoʻokumu kekahi mau ʻāina i nā lula a me nā kūlana kikoʻī e pili ana i ko lākou kūlana ponoʻī. He ʻokoʻa paha kēia mau maʻamau mai nā kūlana ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika i nā koi ʻenehana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka palekana uila a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa o nā kūlana mākeke no nā noho huila uila ma nā ʻāina like ʻole e hōʻike nui ʻia i ka palekana, ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, ka ikaika o ka ikehu a me ka palena wikiwiki. ʻAʻole hōʻike wale kēia mau ʻokoʻa i nā ʻokoʻa o nā pae ʻenehana a me nā koi mākeke o nā ʻāina like ʻole, akā hōʻike pū kekahi i ke koʻikoʻi o nā ʻāina like ʻole e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i nā kuleana o ka poʻe kīnā a me ka mana maikaʻi o nā mea kōkua. Me ka hohonu o ka honua a me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kālepa honua, ʻo ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa honua o nā noho huila uila e hoʻoikaika lohi nei e hoʻolaha i ka holo honua a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana.

He aha nā ʻāpana hoʻopaʻapaʻa o ka maʻamau kaʻa huila uila?

Ma ke ʻano he hāmeʻa hoʻoneʻe kōkua, ʻo ka palekana a me ka hana o nā noho huila uila i loaʻa i ka manaʻo ākea a puni ka honua. Aia kekahi mau hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i nā kūlana o nā noho huila uila ma nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina like ʻole. Eia kekahi mau ʻāpana hoʻopaʻapaʻa loa.

ʻAʻole maopopo ke kūlana kānāwai:
He mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa ke kūlana kānāwai o nā noho huila uila ma nā ʻāina like ʻole a me nā wahi. Manaʻo kekahi mau wahi i nā noho huila uila he mau kaʻa kaʻa a koi i nā mea hoʻohana e hele i nā kaʻina hana e like me nā palapala laikini, ʻinikua, a me nā nānā makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi mau wahi e manaʻo nei he mau kaʻa kaʻa ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​kaʻa no ka poʻe maʻi kīnā. wahi. ʻO kēia ambiguity ua hopena i ka hiki ʻole ke pale pono i nā kuleana a me nā pono o nā mea hoʻohana, a ua lawe pū mai i nā pilikia i ka hoʻokele kaʻa a me ka hoʻokō kānāwai.

Hoʻopaʻapaʻa palena wikiwiki:
ʻO ka palena ʻoi loa o ka wikiwiki o nā noho huila uila kekahi wahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa. Loaʻa i nā ʻāina like ʻole nā ​​lula e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o nā noho huila uila. No ka laʻana, e like me ka National Medical Products Administration's "Medical Device Classification Catalog" a me nā kūlana e pili ana, ʻo ka wikiwiki loa o nā noho huila uila i loko he 4.5 kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola, a ʻo ke ʻano o waho he 6 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola. Hiki i kēia mau palena wikiwiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa i nā noi maoli, no ka mea hiki ke alakaʻi i nā manaʻo like ʻole o nā kaiapuni hoʻohana a me nā pono o ka mea hoʻohana i nā manaʻo like ʻole i nā palena wikiwiki.

Nā koi hoʻohālikelike electromagnetic:
Me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka naʻauao o nā noho huila uila, ua lilo ka electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) i wahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa hou. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā noho huila uila e nā mea uila ʻē aʻe i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, a i ʻole ke keʻakeʻa ʻana i nā mea hana ʻē aʻe, i lilo i pilikia e pono e noʻonoʻo kūikawā i ka wā e hoʻokumu ai i nā kūlana ma kekahi mau ʻāina a me nā ʻāina.

Hana palekana a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo:
ʻO ka hana palekana a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo o nā noho huila uila nā kumu nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kūlana. Loaʻa i nā ʻāina like ʻole nā ​​koi palekana no nā noho huila uila, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi nā ʻano hoʻāʻo, kahi i alakaʻi ai i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa honua no ka ʻike ʻana a me ka ʻike like ʻana i ka hana palekana o nā noho huila uila.

Nā kūlana palekana kaiapuni a me ka ikehu:
Ke kū nei ka palekana o ke kaiapuni a me ka ikaika o ka ikehu i nā mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma nā kūlana noho huila uila. Me ka manaʻo nui o ka honua i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau, ua lilo ka ikehu a me ka hana kūlohelohe o nā noho huila uila i mea pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka wā e hoʻokumu ai i nā kūlana, a ʻo nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe nā koi a me nā kūlana e pili ana i kēia.

Nā pilikia pili kānāwai o nā noho huila akamai:
Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ua lilo nā pilikia pili kānāwai o nā noho huila akamai i kumu o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa. Inā pono nā noho huila akamai i nā pilikia pili kānāwai e like me nā ʻenehana hoʻokele kaʻa ʻole a me nā ʻenehana hoʻokele ʻole, a inā he mau kaʻa kaʻa ka poʻe ʻelemakule e noho ana i loko o ke kaʻa, ʻaʻole maopopo loa kēia mau pilikia i ke kānāwai.

Hōʻike kēia mau manaʻo hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka paʻakikī o ka standardization a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā noho huila uila a puni ka honua, e koi ana i ka hui pū ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i waena o nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina e hōʻoia i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palekana, ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni o nā noho huila uila.